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Early-18th-century Whig plots
During the early 18th century Great Britain was undergoing a government shift into a two party system.
The prior conservative party, the Tories, was the primary political party, but at the turn of the 18th century the Whigs, a liberal fraction, had begun to rise in influence.〔Rogers, Nicholas. "Party Politics During the ''Whig'' Ascendancy" ''Canadian Journal of History''; Aug 1983, Vol. 18 Issue 2, p 253〕 As the parties struggled for power in Parliament, tensions rose. When the Whig party continued to grow in power and influence, gaining more representation in Parliament and recognition in the general public, the Tories, found themselves challenged over their policies and opinions.〔 The arguments of government went beyond the House of Parliament. Public speeches, debates, and other forms of popular influence arose, creating a new style of politics. This was the environment that Princess Anne found herself when she became Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland on March 8, 1702. Her brother-in-law, William III of England and II of Scotland who had preceded her had been in support of the growing two party system, and in respect, Anne "endured" the Whigs despite her alliance with the Tory party.〔Noorthouck, John. ('Book 1, Ch. 18: Queen Anne' ), ''A New History of London: Including Westminster and Southwark'' (1773), pp. 288-306.〕 The tensions between the parties had escalated to the point where party members became paranoid of conspiracies and conducted plots against one another. The Whigs conspired assassination plots against important Tory figures as an attempt to make way for their policies and political agendas.
The first accused conspiracy was that of the Screw Plot. This plot was assumed to be an assassination attempt on the life of Queen Anne in 1708. According to Tory belief, the Whigs planned to kill the Queen, and close advisers, by designing a chandelier to fall upon them.〔 Although the accusations have been today determined as faulty,〔Scott, Sir Walter and Jonathan Swift.'' The Works of Jonathan Swift, DD: Additional Letters, Tracts, and Poems''. Edinburgh. Vol iii. Page 124. Oxford University: 1814.〕 the Tories seeded doubt in the public eye. In 1710, the Whigs attempted to assassinate Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, in what has been labeled as, the Bandbox Plot.
== The two-party conflict ==
At the turn of the 18th century, the Whig influence in Parliament was rising. The Whigs and Tories major disagreements were in regards to who should run the country.〔 The conservative, Tory, party supported the influence of the monarchy of the inner-goings of government, while the Whigs insisted that Parliament take on a greater role.〔 By giving Parliament more power, the Whigs believed that the general population of the country would be able to control more of what actions the government takes. The Whigs also disagreed with the Tories of the influence of the church on government.〔 During the turn of the 18th century, the church had a close tie with the monarchy, and thus had influence on decisions made by the government.〔 This era was at the dawn of The Enlightenment, a time of political and social reformation.〔Bannet, Eve Tavor. "Secret History" Huntington Library Quarterly Vol 68 (2005) p 375-396〕 The Whigs supported many of the ideas about basic rights of the public. During the turn of the century, the church had a close tie with the monarchy,〔 and thus had influence on decisions made by the government. These growing issues were debated on frequently in Parliament, tensions rose, and political battles were then taken to the public eye.
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